Water, in its many guises, has always played a powerful role in shaping Southeast Asian histories, cultures, societies and economies. This volume, the rewritten results of an international workshop, with participants from eight countries, contains thirteen essays, representing a broad range of approaches to the study of Southeast Asia with water as the central theme. As it was exposed to the sea, the region was more accessible to outside political, economic and cultural influences than many landlocked areas. Easy access through sea routes also stimulated trade from an early age. However, the same easy access made Southeast Asia vulnerable to political control by strong outsiders. The sea is, moreover, a source of food, but also of many hazards. At the same time, Southeast Asian societies and cultures are confronted with and permeated by ‘water from heaven’ in the form of rain, flash floods, irrigation water, water in rivers, brooks and swaps, water-driven power plants, and pumped or piped water, in addition to water as a carrier of sewage and pollution. Finally, the volume deals with the role of water in classification systems, beliefs, myths, illness and healing.

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Universities and corporate partnerships play a crucial role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), presenting significant market opportunities across various research domains. On the occasion of the World Day for Safety and Health at Work in 2021, the International Labor Organization (ILO) urged nations to establish resilient occupational safety and health (OSH) systems to address future health crises effectively. This necessitates investments in OSH infrastructure and its seamless integration into comprehensive national emergency preparedness and response plans to safeguard workers' well-being and support business continuity. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) emphasizes that work environments are continually evolving. Particularly during economic challenges, it is essential to recognize that inadequate occupational safety and health measures can incur financial costs. Numerous case studies also demonstrate a direct link between effective OSH management within organizations and improved overall performance and profitability. This reprint compiles contributions from authors worldwide, covering a wide range of topics related to Advances in Occupational Health and Safety Management and Risk Management, with a focus on their application in specific domains.

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This reprint focuses on the theme of agricultural landscape stability and sustainable land management, including the ecosystem service values of agricultural landscapes, the development of multifunctional agricultural landscapes, protection of agricultural landscapes, reform of rural land ownership, comprehensive rural development, and remote sensing monitoring of agricultural landscapes.

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Studies to date on illegal waste dumps in the Ljubljana Plain (Ljubljansko polje), the Iška Alluvial Fan (Iški vršaj), and areas with local water sources in the City of Ljubljana have demonstrated that there are great amounts of waste in areas of importance to the Slovenian capital’s water supply. In particular, illegal dumps located in areas where groundwater flows towards pumping stations and where the Sava and Iška rivers flow into the groundwater present a considerable threat to drinking water quality. In addition, shallow groundwater levels and gravel pits increase the vulnerability of the environment even more.

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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the omega-3 family, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are physiologically important for many animals and humans. Moreover, fatty acids play an important roles in numerous contexts reflecting various levels: from their producers in natural ecosystems, microalgae, through to invertebrates and fish, and to culinary treatments of fish products for human consumption. Environmental threats such as anthropogenic pollution and its effects on PUFA yield in aquatic ecosystems as well as their transfer to terrestrial ecosystems are highlighted. Assumptions and challenges that are important for the study of PUFA in trophic webs of aquatic ecosystems as well as in human nutrition are discussed.

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This reprint focuses on the application of groundwater models developed with the aim of optimizing the management of water resources in urban environments, coastal areas, karst aquifers, and riparian zones, among other environments. The testing of innovative techniques applied to traditional models, including machine learning techniques, is of particular interest. Special attention is given to the application of tools for the evaluation of climate change effects on groundwater.

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This open access book is an outcome of the collaboration between the Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria, and Dr. Shabbir A Shahid, Senior Salinity Management Expert, Freelancer based in United Arab Emirates.The objective of this book is to develop protocols for salinity and sodicity assessment and develop mitigation and adaptation measures to use saline and sodic soils sustainably. The focus is on important issues related to salinity and sodicity and to describe these in an easy and user friendly way. The information has been compiled from the latest published literature and from the authors’ publications specific to the subject matter. The book consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the terms salinity and sodicity and describes various salinity classification systems commonly used around the world. Chapter 2 reviews global distribution of salinization and socioeconomic aspects related to salinity and crop production. Chapters 3 covers comprehensively salinity and sodicity adaptation and mitigation options including physical, chemical, hydrological and biological methods. Chapter 4 discusses the efforts that have been made to demonstrate the development of soil salinity zones under different irrigation systems. Chapter 5 discusses the quality of irrigation water, boron toxicity and relative tolerance to boron, the effects of chlorides on crops. Chapter 6 introduces the role of nuclear techniques in saline agriculture.

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The immediate goal of this Special Issue was the characterization of land uses and occupations (LULC) in watersheds and the assessment of impacts caused by anthropogenic activities. The goal was immediate because the ultimate purpose was to help bring disturbed watersheds to a better condition or a utopian sustainable status. The steps followed to attain this objective included publishing studies on the understanding of factors and variables that control hydrology and water quality changes in response to human activities. Following this first step, the Special Issue selected work that described adaption measures capable of improving the watershed condition (water availability and quality), namely LULC conversions (e.g., monocultures into agro-forestry systems). Concerning the LULC measures, however, efficacy was questioned unless supported by public programs that force consumers to participate in concomitant costs, because conversions may be viewed as an environmental service.

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This textbook serves as an introductory quantitative course on the fundamental elements of the hydraulic cycle. It enhances students' understanding by discussing the latest advancements in hydrological science, covering both experimental and computational techniques. This textbook is self-contained, requiring no prior knowledge, and includes numerous illustrations to clarify scientific concepts. Complex mathematical treatments are minimized, focusing on clear, step-by-step examples and guides that utilize scientific calculators and spreadsheets. Where appropriate, chapters include assignments that reinforce the textbook’s role in academic settings. A virtual laboratory section is also provided, featuring experiments and example datasets for student analysis. Additionally, the text outlines the equipment needed to set up a physical laboratory, making it practical for educators to implement. Targeted at first-year college students, this book supports early career exploration in fields such as natural resources, earth sciences, and civil and environmental engineering. Offering this course early allows students to make informed decisions about their academic and career paths before they reach their senior year, providing them with ample time to pursue specialized interests.

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This textbook serves as an introductory quantitative course on the fundamental elements of the hydraulic cycle. It enhances students' understanding by discussing the latest advancements in hydrological science, covering both experimental and computational techniques. This textbook is self-contained, requiring no prior knowledge, and includes numerous illustrations to clarify scientific concepts. Complex mathematical treatments are minimized, focusing on clear, step-by-step examples and guides that utilize scientific calculators and spreadsheets. Where appropriate, chapters include assignments that reinforce the textbook’s role in academic settings. A virtual laboratory section is also provided, featuring experiments and example datasets for student analysis. Additionally, the text outlines the equipment needed to set up a physical laboratory, making it practical for educators to implement. Targeted at first-year college students, this book supports early career exploration in fields such as natural resources, earth sciences, and civil and environmental engineering. Offering this course early allows students to make informed decisions about their academic and career paths before they reach their senior year, providing them with ample time to pursue specialized interests.

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A good knowledge of the natural and cultural heritage of karst is a precondition for the rational planning of life on it. We try to organize the knowledge to make it as useful as possible for planners. We are involved in individual projects related to the regional planning, water supply systems, the construction of transportation infrastructure, the closure of landfills in karst areas, the collection of data on karst caves and their protection, karst ecology and determining the extent of human influence on the karst underground. A new book series Karstology and development challenges on karst was designed to present the results of completed and new projects to a broader public.The first book with the subtitle Water contains selected directly applicable research studies on karst waters, their characteristics, endangerment, and protection. It is composed of ten chapters, which can be grouped into three main themes. In the introduction the importance, characteristics and vulnerability of karst aquifers are presented,then various case studies of pollution and endangerment are described (traffic, landfills, military objects, flooding), and at the end some guidelines for the protection of karst water sources are summarized. The book is a bilingual publication in Slovene and English. It is aimed at a broad circle of users, researchers, students and planners.

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The second book in the new collection Karstology in Development Challenges in the Karst brings together the findings obtained in planning and construction of motorways in the Karst. More than 350 new caves were opened up in the final wave of construction. This was followed by studies on arranging karstic features for tourism and their management. We also selected studies on karstic ecology, in which we made use of biological and microbiological research. At the end there is a summary of everything we need to take into account in planning different encroachments in karstic areas.

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This collection of 11 papers introduces broad topics covering various professional disciplines related to the research arena of land use and water quality. The papers exemplify the important links between agriculture and water quality in surface and ground waters as well as the pollution problems around urban areas. Advancement of new technologies for analyzing links between land use and water quality problems as well as insights into new tools for analyzing large monitoring datasets are highlighted in this collection of papers.

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Bioassays are among the ecotoxicologist's most effective weapons in the evaluation of water quality and the assessment of ecological impacts of effluents, chemicals, discharges, and emissions on the aquatic environment. Information on these assessment aids is needed throughout the international scientific and environmental management community. This comprehensive reference provides an excellent overview of the small-scale aquatic bioassay techniques and applications currently in use around the world. This special volume is the result of several years of collaboration between Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Internationally recognized research scientists at many institutions have contributed to this state-of-the-art examination of the exciting, environmentally important field of microscale testing in aquatic toxicology. Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology contains over forty chapters covering relevant principles, new techniques and recent advancements, and applications in scientific research, environmental management, academia, and the private sector.

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The recovery of solid wastes for the preparation of innovative composite materials not only represents an economic advantage, but also offers an ecological opportunity for the utilization of by-products which would otherwise be landfilled. Specifically, the reuse and recycling of waste lead to important savings of raw materials and energy, since these by-products, generally deriv from agricultural or industrial activities, are abundant in nature. Moreover, a reduction of the environmental and related sanitary impacts can be also achieved. For this reason, a recycling operation is fundamental for the improvement of the environmental sustainability, because these secondary raw materials become a resource that can be easily reused without the modification of the peculiar characteristics, in order to obtain new and performing composites, with a low specific weight, high durability, and long life cycle.

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This reprint focuses on the effective removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from water and wastewater using unique freestanding polymeric-based methods. It also examines innovative green methods for efficiently reusing various solid waste products. In addition, several new eco-friendly hybrid materials are being reviewed in order to alleviate the problem of water pollution in novel, rapid, and efficient methods.

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Ljubljansko polje is a juncture of numerous human activities. The source of drinking water for about 300,000 residents, it holds one of the most important bodies of groundwater in the country. Unfortunately, the influences of urbanization, agriculture and industry that threaten and burden it are reflected in the quality and quantity of the groundwater.

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This open access book surveys the frontier of scientific river research and provides examples to guide management towards a sustainable future of riverine ecosystems. Principal structures and functions of the biogeosphere of rivers are explained; key threats are identified, and effective solutions for restoration and mitigation are provided.Rivers are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world. They increasingly suffer from pollution, water abstraction, river channelisation and damming. Fundamental knowledge of ecosystem structure and function is necessary to understand how human acitivities interfere with natural processes and which interventions are feasible to rectify this.Modern water legislation strives for sustainable water resource management and protection of important habitats and species. However, decision makers would benefit from more profound understanding of ecosystem degradation processes and of innovative methodologies and tools for efficient mitigation and restoration. The book provides best-practice examples of sustainable river management from on-site studies, European-wide analyses and case studies from other parts of the world. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of aquatic ecology, river system functioning, conservation and restoration, to postgraduate students, to institutions involved in water management, and to water related industries.

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Aquatic Ecology; Ecosystem Services; Environmental Management; Freshwater Science; River Restoration; Sustainable River Management; Water Pollution

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Water is more important than ever before. It is increasingly controversial in direct proportion to its scarcity, demand, neglect, and commodification. There is no place on the planet where water is not, or will not be, of critical concern. Signs of Water brings together scholars and experts from five continents in an interdisciplinary exploration of the theoretical approaches, social and political issues, and anthropogenic hazards surrounding water in the twenty-first century. From the kitchen taps of Detroit, Michigan to the water-harvesting infrastructure of Tokyo, from the Upper Xingu Basin of Brazil to the Sunda Deep of the Java Trench, these essays flow through time and place to uncover the many issues surrounding water today. Asking key theoretical questions, exposing threats to vital water systems, and proposing paths forward, Signs of Water brims with histories, ontologies, and political struggles. Bringing together local experiences to tell a global story, it centers water as history, as politics, and as a human right.

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Biosensors are analytical devices capable of providing quantitative or semi-quantitative information by using a biological recognition element and a transducer. Depending upon the nature of the recognition element, different surface sensitive techniques can be applied to monitor these molecular interactions. In order to increase sensitivities and to lower detection limits down to even individual molecules, nanomaterials are promising candidates. This is possible due to the potential to immobilize more bioreceptor units at reduced volumes and their ability to act as transduction elements by themselves. Among such nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymer nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and graphene are intensively studied. Biosensors provide rapid, real-time, accurate, and reliable information about the analyte under investigation and have been envisioned in a wide range of analytical applications, including medicine, food safety, bioprocessing, environmental/industrial monitoring, and electronics. A variety of biosensors, such as optical, spectroscopic, molecular, thermal, and piezoelectric, have been studied and applied in countless fields. In this book, examples of spectroscopic and optical biosensors and immunoassays are presented. Furthermore, two comprehensive reviews on optical biosensors are included

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The Special Issue “Technological Eco-Innovations for the Quality Control and the Decontamination of Polluted Waters and Soils” deals with the most recent research activities carried out at lab and field scale on eco-sustainable tools for the remediation of contaminated environmental substrates. It is particularly devoted to highlight the relevance of biological organisms (plants, microbes, algae) to assess the chemical contamination in water and soil and to remediate such matrices from the pollution caused by the human activities. Therefore, bioremediation is a primary focus of most of the articles published within the present Special Issue. Bioremediation is a promising environmentally friendly technology to deal with the chemical pollution in different ecosystem compartments and its integration with the traditional approaches might represent a

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This open access book reviews the water-agro-food and socio-eco-system of the Seine River basin (76,000 km2), and offers a historical perspective on the river’s long-term contamination. The Seine basin is inhabited by circa 17 million people and is impacted by intensive agricultural practices and industrial activities. These pressures have gradually affected its hydrological, chemical and ecological functioning, leading to a maximum chemical degradation between the 1960s and the 1990s. Over the last three decades, while major water-quality improvements have been observed, new issues (e.g. endocrine disruptors, microplastics) have also emerged. The state of the Seine River network, from the headwaters to estuary, is increasingly controlled by the balance between pressures and social responses. This socio-ecosystem provides a unique example of the functioning of a territory under heavy anthropogenic pressure during the Anthropocene era. The achievements made were possible due to the long-term PIREN Seine research program, established in 1989 and today part of the French socio-ecological research network “Zones Ateliers”, itself part of the international Long-term Socio-economic and Ecological Research Network (LTSER). Written by experts in the field, the book provides an introduction to the water budget and the territorial metabolism of the Seine basin, and studies the trajectories and impact of various pollutants in the Seine River. It offers insights into the ecological functioning, the integration of agricultural practices, the analysis of aquatic organic matter, and the evolution of fish assemblages in the Seine basin, and also presents research perspectives and approaches to improve the water quality of the Seine River. Given its scope, it will appeal to environmental managers, scientists and policymakers interested in the long-term contamination of the Seine River.

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The papers selected for publication in the Special Issue “Urban and industrial wastewater disinfection and decontamination by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): current issues and future trends” and published in this book, include topics related with (waste)water treatment and its reuse, disinfection, and pollutant degradation, advancing the know-how of the topics or assessing their integration into the new age of the circular economy of water. Likewise, aspects such as modeling of degradation processes and new materials synthesis were published, aiming to improve, optimize and predict the efficacy of the existing or the novel treatment processes. Moreover, pilot plant operation and large-scale processes were featured, assessing the feasibility of these new treatment methods in real world applications. Overall, the Special Issue and this book present innovative solutions on the field of water and wastewater treatment, with a view on the future technologies that will form the next advances of the field.

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The development of effective treatment methods or the synthesis of new effective adsorbents capable of selective sorption of toxic substances is now of great importance. This reprint contains articles focused on wastewater treatment containing heavy metal ions, and hormones from synthetic and real solutions using different types of adsorbent, such as synthetic ion exchangers, natural and synthetic aluminosilicates, zeolites, magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes, biosorbents, imprinted polymers, and magnetic adsorbents, as well as cost estimation of activated carbon production from waste nutshells by physical activation could be found.

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In recent years, the formulation of innovative photocatalysts activated by visible or solar light has been attracting increasing attention because of their notable potential for environmental remediation and use in organic synthesis reactions. Generally, the strategies for the development of visible-light-active photocatalysts are mainly focused on enhancing degradation efficiency (in the case of environmental remediation) or increasing selectivity toward the desired product (in the case of organic synthesis). These goals can be achieved by doping the semiconductor lattice with metal and/or non-metal elements in order to reduce band gap energy, thereby providing the semiconductor with the ability to absorb light at a wavelength higher than the UV range. Other interesting options are the formulation of different types of heterojunctions (to increase visible absorption properties and to reduce the recombination rate of charge carriers) and the development of innovative catalytic materials with semiconducting properties. This reprint is focused on visible-light-active photocatalysts for environmental remediation and organic synthesis, featuring the state of the art as well as advances in this field.

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V knjigi, ki prinaša celovito predstavitev naših visokogorskih jezer, oceno njihovega ekološkega stanja in razlago dogajanj v njih skozi zgodovino, so zbrani rezultati več kot desetletnih raziskav 18 avtorjev. V delu je podan geografski opis in nastanek visokogorskih jezer, hidrološke povezave med njimi ter fizikalne in kemijske lastnosti jezerske vode. Opisano je življenje v njih in spremembe, ki so jih jezera doživela v zadnjih stoletjih, opozorjeno pa je tudi na problem onesnaževanja visokogorja.

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The book includes water protection areas near the pumping stations of drinkable water on Ljubljansko polje, consequently in the City municipality of Ljubljana and in the water protection area of the water plant Brest in the neighbouring municipality of Ig. The area of Ljubljansko barje was also included in the study.Water wells have, besides the basic function of preserving water, also an aesthetic and symbolic meaning. Many fountains in public and private use are true works of art, but that wasn't the main interest of our study. We concentrated mostly on private water wells and bores, which are not registered and therefore not supervised.

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The modern way of life requires the exploitation of natural resources, which leads to a significant deterioration of the environment and can even endanger human health.The basic hypothesis is that the population of Slovenia in general is still too inadequately informed and insufficiently environmentally educated and aware about water as a natural resource to have the motivation and capability to actively participate in the protection of water as a natural resource.Most people support environmental protection in principle, especially declaratively, since this is a socially approved action. However, when faced with restrictions that would interfere with their way of life by limiting their activities or increasing their expenses, their enthusiasm decreases rapidly. And the closer we get to actions we could define as “environmentally active,” the fewer people are actually prepared to protect the environment. Possibly a fifth of the population can be defined as people who favour environmental protection and consider it a value for which they themselves are willing to do something.The survey showed that level of education is very significant relative to people’s response to environmental problems and that the more educated are more environmentally friendly.

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